ADHD in Adults and Children: Focus, Impulse, and Functioning
- kriscainlcpc
- Apr 9
- 4 min read
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly misunderstood as a condition that only affects hyperactive children. In reality, ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that can impact individuals at every age. It affects attention, impulse control, and executive functioning—the brain’s ability to organize, plan, and follow through on tasks.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 6 million U.S. children have been diagnosed with ADHD, and studies estimate that more than 8 million adults live with it as well. However, many go undiagnosed, especially those whose symptoms don’t fit the classic image of hyperactivity.
In this article, we explore how ADHD presents differently in children and adults, its frequent overlap with other mental health conditions, and the strategies available to manage symptoms and thrive at school, work, and home.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a brain-based condition that affects an individual’s ability to regulate attention, control impulses, and manage hyperactivity. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines three presentations:
1. Predominantly Inattentive
Easily distracted
Difficulty organizing tasks
Struggles with focus and listening
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive
Fidgets or squirms
Talks excessively
Interrupts or has trouble waiting their turn
3. Combined Presentation
Exhibits both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
ADHD in Children
Common Signs:
Trouble following instructions
Forgetting or losing items (e.g., school supplies, homework)
Struggling to sit still or wait patiently
Daydreaming frequently
Outbursts of frustration or impulsivity
These behaviors can affect school performance, peer relationships, and self-esteem. Children with ADHD are often mislabeled as lazy or defiant, which contributes to shame and anxiety.
Classroom Challenges:
Difficulty staying seated or on task
Poor time management
Easily overwhelmed by multi-step instructions
Teachers and parents can help by using visual schedules, offering regular breaks, and maintaining a consistent routine.
ADHD in Adults
ADHD does not disappear with age—it evolves. In adults, hyperactivity may lessen, but executive functioning issues often become more pronounced.
Common Symptoms:
Chronic lateness or disorganization
Forgetfulness and poor follow-through
Difficulty maintaining attention in meetings
Impulsive spending or talking
Low frustration tolerance
Impact on Daily Life:
Trouble maintaining employment or meeting deadlines
Relationship struggles due to inattentiveness or emotional reactivity
Feelings of underachievement or “never reaching potential”
Many adults with ADHD are only diagnosed after a child in their family is diagnosed, or after years of struggling with anxiety, depression, or work-related burnout.
Co-Occurring Conditions
ADHD frequently coexists with other mental health concerns:
Anxiety disorders
Depression
Learning disabilities
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children
Substance use disorders in adults
Recognizing these overlapping conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Diagnosis and Assessment
Diagnosis typically involves:
Clinical interviews
Behavioral questionnaires for parents, teachers, or employers
Rule-outs for other conditions (e.g., anxiety, sleep disorders)
Neuropsychological testing in some cases
Early diagnosis allows for timely support, but even a late diagnosis can be life-changing.
Treatment Options for ADHD
1. Behavioral Therapy
Parent training for managing behavior at home
Social skills training for children
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for adults
CBT helps with emotional regulation, reducing shame, and building systems of support.
2. Medication
Stimulants (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin) are most common and highly effective.
Non-stimulants (e.g., Strattera, Intuniv) may work better for those with anxiety or side effect concerns.
Medication can significantly improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and enhance quality of life when monitored by a healthcare provider.
3. Coaching and Organizational Support
ADHD coaches help individuals develop personalized strategies for task management and goal setting.
Tools like planners, timers, and task apps can support focus and reduce overwhelm.
4. School and Workplace Accommodations
504 plans and IEPs provide educational supports like extra test time or movement breaks.
Adults may benefit from flexible deadlines, project check-ins, or task delegation.
Real-Life Coping Tools
Break tasks into smaller steps
Use reminders and alarms
Create visual checklists
Build in movement and “brain breaks”
Practice mindfulness to reduce stress and increase focus
A Story of Growth and Insight
Aaron, a 35-year-old graphic designer from Frankfort, had long struggled with procrastination, anxiety, and poor time management. After receiving an adult ADHD diagnosis, he began CBT at Full Circle Counseling and started ADHD coaching.
“I always thought I was just bad at adulting. Now I know my brain works differently—and I’ve got tools to make it work for me.”
Aaron now uses timers, daily planners, and therapeutic tools to manage his workflow and self-esteem.
How Full Circle Counseling Can Help
At Full Circle Counseling and Wellness Center in Frankfort, IL, we provide compassionate, evidence-based support for ADHD across the lifespan. Our services include:
ADHD evaluations and diagnostic consultations
CBT and behavioral therapy
Parent coaching
Executive functioning skills development
Trauma-informed care
Whether your child is struggling in school or you’re navigating ADHD in adulthood, we’re here to help you build structure, confidence, and well-being.
Final Thoughts
ADHD isn’t a character flaw—it’s a neurodevelopmental difference. With understanding, support, and the right tools, individuals with ADHD can thrive at home, at school, and in the workplace.
Don’t let misunderstanding stand in the way of your growth. If you're in Frankfort or the surrounding Illinois area, reach out to Full Circle Counseling and take the first step toward clarity and empowerment.
Comments